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I have created a CentOS9 VM with 40GB disk and managed to run crc setup successfully.
One thing I need is the PULL SECRET, which is something individual for the RedHat portal account. I will use mine for now but would be nice to get a generic one.

[bernhard@localhost ~]$ crc start
INFO Checking if running as non-root              
INFO Checking if running inside WSL2              
INFO Checking if crc-admin-helper executable is cached 
INFO Checking if running on a supported CPU architecture 
INFO Checking minimum RAM requirements            
INFO Checking if crc executable symlink exists    
INFO Checking if Virtualization is enabled        
INFO Checking if KVM is enabled                   
INFO Checking if libvirt is installed             
INFO Checking if user is part of libvirt group    
INFO Checking if active user/process is currently part of the libvirt group 
INFO Checking if libvirt daemon is running        
INFO Checking if a supported libvirt version is installed 
INFO Checking if crc-driver-libvirt is installed  
INFO Checking crc daemon systemd socket units     
INFO Checking if systemd-networkd is running      
INFO Checking if NetworkManager is installed      
INFO Checking if NetworkManager service is running 
INFO Checking if /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/crc-nm-dnsmasq.conf exists 
INFO Checking if /etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d/crc.conf exists 
INFO Checking if libvirt 'crc' network is available 
INFO Checking if libvirt 'crc' network is active  
INFO Loading bundle: crc_libvirt_4.12.9_amd64...  
INFO Starting CRC VM for openshift 4.12.9...      
INFO CRC instance is running with IP 192.168.130.11 
INFO CRC VM is running                            
 INFO Configuring shared directories               
INFO Check internal and public DNS query...       
INFO Check DNS query from host...                 
INFO Verifying validity of the kubelet certificates... 
INFO Starting kubelet service                     
INFO Waiting for kube-apiserver availability... [takes around 2min] 
Error waiting for apiserver: Temporary error: ssh command error:
command : timeout 5s oc get nodes --context admin --cluster crc --kubeconfig /opt/kubeconfig
err     : Process exited with status 124

Temporary error: ssh command error:
command : timeout 5s oc get nodes --context admin --cluster crc --kubeconfig /opt/kubeconfig
err     : Process exited with status 1
 (x7)
Temporary error: ssh command error:
command : timeout 5s oc get nodes --context admin --cluster crc --kubeconfig /opt/kubeconfig
err     : Process exited with status 124

Temporary error: ssh command error:
command : timeout 5s oc get nodes --context admin --cluster crc --kubeconfig /opt/kubeconfig
err     : Process exited with status 1

Temporary error: ssh command error:
command : timeout 5s oc get nodes --context admin --cluster crc --kubeconfig /opt/kubeconfig
err     : Process exited with status 124
 (x2)
Temporary error: ssh command error:
command : timeout 5s oc get nodes --context admin --cluster crc --kubeconfig /opt/kubeconfig
err     : Process exited with status 1
 (x2)
Temporary error: ssh command error:
command : timeout 5s oc get nodes --context admin --cluster crc --kubeconfig /opt/kubeconfig
err     : Process exited with status 124
 (x7)
Temporary error: ssh command error:
command : timeout 5s oc get nodes --context admin --cluster crc --kubeconfig /opt/kubeconfig
err     : Process exited with status 1
 (x2)
Temporary error: ssh command error:
command : timeout 5s oc get nodes --context admin --cluster crc --kubeconfig /opt/kubeconfig
err     : Process exited with status 124
 (x3)

Looks like missing kubectl...

[bernhard@localhost ~]$ oc get nodes --context admin --cluster crc --kubeconfig /opt/kubeconfig
error: stat /opt/kubeconfig: no such file or directory

Now it works!

[bernhard@localhost ~]$ crc start
WARN A new version (2.18.0) has been published on https://developers.redhat.com/content-gateway/file/pub/openshift-v4/clients/crc/2.18.0/crc-linux-amd64.tar.xz 
INFO Checking if running as non-root              
INFO Checking if running inside WSL2              
INFO Checking if crc-admin-helper executable is cached 
INFO Checking if running on a supported CPU architecture 
INFO Checking minimum RAM requirements            
INFO Checking if crc executable symlink exists    
INFO Checking if Virtualization is enabled        
INFO Checking if KVM is enabled                   
INFO Checking if libvirt is installed             
INFO Checking if user is part of libvirt group    
INFO Checking if active user/process is currently part of the libvirt group 
INFO Checking if libvirt daemon is running        
INFO Checking if a supported libvirt version is installed 
INFO Checking if crc-driver-libvirt is installed  
INFO Checking crc daemon systemd socket units     
INFO Checking if systemd-networkd is running      
INFO Checking if NetworkManager is installed      
INFO Checking if NetworkManager service is running 
INFO Checking if /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/crc-nm-dnsmasq.conf exists 
INFO Checking if /etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d/crc.conf exists 
INFO Checking if libvirt 'crc' network is available 
INFO Checking if libvirt 'crc' network is active  
INFO Loading bundle: crc_podman_libvirt_4.4.1_amd64... 
INFO Creating CRC VM for Podman 4.4.1...          
INFO Generating new SSH key pair...               
INFO CRC instance is running with IP 192.168.130.11 
INFO CRC VM is running                            
INFO Updating authorized keys...                  
INFO Configuring shared directories               
INFO Adding new bearer token for cockpit webconsole 
podman runtime is now running.

Use the 'podman' command line interface:
  $ eval $(crc podman-env)
  $ podman-remote COMMAND

Following this step:

crc oc-env
Only supported with OpenShift bundles

--> https://access.redhat.com/discussions/6895111

So, if I do:

crc config set preset openshift
crc delete
crc setup
crc start

I get the ssh errors from comment #2.
Anyway, this works:

[bernhard@localhost ~]$ crc oc-env
export PATH="/home/bernhard/.crc/bin/oc:$PATH"
# Run this command to configure your shell:
# eval $(crc oc-env)

But if I do:

crc config set preset podman
crc delete
crc setup
crc start

then I get the output from comment #4, but

[bernhard@localhost ~]$ crc oc-env
Only supported with OpenShift bundles

I have done very good progress, but I had to use a VM in openQA, as my local machine didn't have enough resources to cope with the deployment. After running it in openQA with 18GB RAM and 8CPUs I didn't get any deployment error.

I have created https://github.com/os-autoinst/os-autoinst-distri-opensuse/pull/17057
which handles the OpenShift cluster setup and creation, then it publishes an HDD which will be used by the tests with the pre-deployed OpenShift cluster.

The setup&creation is to be done once a week, so the CentOS host gets updated to the latest status and also new OpenShift versions can be also installed.